Volcanism at Yellowstone is relatively recent, with calderas that were created during large eruptions that lie over a hotspot under the Yellowstone Plateau. The caldera and most of the park are located in the northwest corner of Wyoming. The Yellowstone Caldera is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano in Yellowstone National Park in the Western United States, sometimes referred to as the Yellowstone Supervolcano. Cerro Guacha – Image Credit : Google Maps Extended volcanic activity has generated two nested calderas, a number of lava domes and lava flows and a central resurgent dome. The larger caldera has dimensions of 60 by 40 kilometres (37 mi × 25 mi) with a rim altitude of 5,250 metres (17,220 ft). More recent activity occurred 1.7 mya and formed a smaller ignimbrite with a volume of 10 cubic kilometres (2.4 cu mi). Two major ignimbrites, the 5.6-5.8 mya Guacha ignimbrite with a volume of 1,300 cubic kilometres (310 cu mi) and the 3.5-3.6 mya Tara ignimbrite with a volume of 800 cubic kilometres (190 cu mi) have erupted from Cerro Guacha. Above the subduction zone, the crust is chemically modified and generates large volumes of melts that form the local caldera systems of the APVC.
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Part of the volcanic system of the Andes, it is considered to be part of the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ), one of the three volcanic arcs of the Andes, and its associated Altiplano-Puna volcanic complex (APVC).Ĭerro Guacha and the other volcanoes of that region are formed from the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the South America plate.
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Lake Toba – Image Credit – Google MapsĬerro Guacha is a Miocene caldera in southwestern Bolivia’s Sur Lípez Province. Following the eruption, a resurgent dome formed within the new caldera that filled with water to create Lake Toba. This last major eruption occurred around 75,000☙00 years ago and had an estimated VEI= 8, making it the largest-known explosive volcanic eruption within the last 25 million years.Īn estimated 2,800 km3 of dense-rock equivalent pyroclastic material, known as the youngest Toba tuff, was released. Covering an area of 100 by 30 km it is the world’s largest Quaternary caldera, and the fourth and youngest caldera. The complex comprises of four overlapping volcanic craters that adjoin the Sumatran “volcanic front”. Lake Toba is a large caldera remnant of a supervolcano within the Toba caldera complex of North Sumatra.
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La Garita Caldera – Image Credit : Google Earth Helens on was 0.25 cubic miles (1.0 km3) in volume. The resulting ash flows the volcano created, most notably the “Fish Canyon Tuff” has a volume of approximately 1,200 cubic miles (5,000 km3), giving it a Volcanic Explosivity Index rating of 8. The scale of La Garita volcanism was the second greatest of the Cenozoic Era.